Scottsbluff

9,500 - 7,600 BC ; [Paleo]

Scottsbluff belong to the Cody Complex, a group of points that share morphologic similarities to one another and exist at roughly the same time. Scottsbluff points are sometimes categorized into two different designations, Scottsbluff I, and Scottsbluff II – also referred to as Johnston. 

Scottsbluff I points are typically less robust than Alberta points. They still have shoulders, but they are less pronounced. Making comparisons within the complex, they more closely resemble Eden points than they do Alberta. 

Scottsbluff II points, or Johnston, have much more pronounced shoulders than the Scottsbluff I type. Another difference would be the blade shape. Johnston blades are much more triangular than Scottsbluff I.

When determining whether a point may be Eden or Scottsbluff, it is important to look at the flaking patterns and the cross section. Eden points have much finer horizontal flaking. Each flake scar should meet in the middle of the point, making a diamond cross section. Johnston points do not have a similar shape as Eden, and their cross section is lenticular which easily rules them out. Scottsbluff I points sometimes have either diamond or lenticular cross sections which makes the flaking patterns the important distiction.¹

Scottsbluff I Typology

Scottsbluff II / Johnston Typology

Notable Sites

  • Scottsbluff, Nebraska is the Scottsbluff I “type-site” (meaning this is the first place Scottsbluff points were defined)
     
  • Horner, Wyoming – This site has a mixture of Eden, Scottsbluff, and Cody knives all found together.²

  • Claypool, Colorado – A Cody campsite on a sand dune. Bison remains were found alongside knives and other tools.²

  • Jurgens, Colorado – A campsite with artifacts that expand on our understandings of Cody lifeways. Ground stone was found – used to process food. A pipe with nicotine residue was also recovered. Eden and Scottsbluff style points were recovered.²

References cited

Typology:
Taylor, Jeb. Projectile Points of the High Plains: New Perspectives on Typology Based on Examinations of Original Type Site Specimens. 1st ed. Buffalo, Wyo.: Jeb Taylor Artifacts, 2006.

¹Taylor, Jeb. Projectile Points of the High Plains: New Perspectives on Typology Based on Examinations of Original Type Site Specimens. 1st ed. Buffalo, Wyo.: Jeb Taylor Artifacts, 2006.

²Cassells, E. Steve. The Archaeology of Colorado. Rev. ed. Boulder, Colo: Johnson Books, 1997.

Scottsbluff I vs. Scottsbluff II

distribution map scottsbluff

distribution map scottsbluff ii

GALLERY scottsbluff I

GALLERY scottsbluff II